Finance is one of the fundamental functions of public and private enterprise. Finance can be called both the art and science of managing money. All areas of the economy whether businesses, nonprofit institutions, or government agencies have financial issues to be managed. These include acquiring and managing funds in an efficient and effective manner

Finance can be classified into at least three categories: corporate finance, investment, and financial markets and institutions. Corporate finance is the study of how businesses acquire, spend, and manage funds. Investment is the study of money management, investment strategies and policies, security analysis, and portfolio composition. Financial markets and institutions represent the study of the structure and operation of the entire financial system, including securities markets, government institutions, financial/banking institutions, and international financial markets.