GRADUATE DEGREES
GRADUATE DEGREE PROGRAMS
Coastal Carolina University is a primarily undergraduate,
comprehensive liberal arts institution committed to excellence
in teaching, research, and public service. Graduate programs
of study leading to the Master of Education are offered through
the College of Education in the areas of early childhood education,
elementary education, secondary education (with specializations
in English, mathematics, natural sciences, and social studies),
and educational technology. The Master of Education degree
is not intended for students seeking initial teacher certification;
teacher certification is required for admission. The Master
of Arts in Teaching degree is also offered through the College
of Education with specializations in art, English, foreign
languages, mathematics, music, science and social studies.
The Master of Arts in Teaching is considered as a teacher
preparation degree at the graduate level. Successful degree
completers will be eligible for a South Carolina teaching
certificate.
The Master of Science in Coastal Marine and Wetland Studies
is offered through the School of Natural and Applied Sciences.
Other graduate opportunities are available at Coastal Carolina
University, including cooperative programs with other institutions
as follows:
- Graduate study leading
the Masters in Business Administration (M.B.A) is available through a cooperative
program with Winthrop University.
- Graduate study leading
to the Master of Education (M.Ed.) in Educational Administration and the
Professional Masters in Business Administration (P.M.B.A) are available
through cooperative programs with the University of South Carolina.
- Graduate study leading
to the Doctor of Philosophy Degree (Ph.D.) in Educational Leadership is
available through a cooperative program with Clemson University.
The following pages contain information pertinent to graduate study at Coastal
Carolina University. Information regarding Fees, Veterans Benefits,
Confidentiality of Student Records, Dropping a Course, Withdrawal
From All Courses, and Transcripts, is provided in an earlier
section(s) of this catalog.
All graduate programs at the University are administered through
the Office of the Provost, with each individual College that
offers graduate programs having its own administrative responsibility
for administering particular programs. For example, at the college
level, the chief administrator of graduate programs in education
is the Dean of the College of Education. Questions regarding
admission to graduate study at the University may be addressed
to the Director of Admissions; questions regarding admission
into a particular degree program may be addressed to the Dean
of the College. Applications for graduate study at Coastal Carolina
University should be made directly to the Office of Admissions.
Prospective students should submit a completed application form
at least thirty days prior to the opening of the term in which
they wish to enroll. A one time non-refundable application fee
of $35 is required of all applicants.
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Coastal Carolina University graduate programs in education are
administered by the College of Education. The Master of Education
(M.Ed.) degree programs are designed to offer professional growth
and development for qualified degree candidates. The Master
of Arts in Teaching (M.A.T.) degree programs are designed to
offer a route to teacher certification through graduate study
as an alternative to undergraduate study. Students in all programs
are provided with opportunities to inquire, analyze, and evaluate
in their specialty areas at an advanced level from that normally
associated with baccalaureate study.
The conceptual model of all graduate programs in the College
of Education is the Reflective Practitioner. Through this model,
programs are directed toward the development of the knowledge,
skills, and dispositions which will insure that all candidates
are highly qualified individuals at the completion of their
respective programs of study. Reflective Practitioners are
seen as effective leaders, sound communicators, and competent
problem solvers. As effective leaders, Reflective Practitioners
conduct their professional practice confidently and proficiently,
with the goal of optimum learning for all students. As sound
communicators, Reflective Practitioners convey ideas lucidly,
and comprehend both direct and subtle meanings, across the range
of professional contexts. As competent problem solvers, Reflective
Practitioners seek and analyze relevant data, and reach conclusions
that lead to the implementation of meaningful learning experiences
for all studnets. In utilizing this model, five special qualities
of the Reflective Practitioner are emphasized and developed
throughout the programs.
1. Knowledge of Learners, Learning, and Teaching
2. Ability to Work with Diverse Populations
3. Development of High Ethical Standards
4. Skills in Research and Scholarship
5. Integration of Information Literacy
Admission to Study
Applications for graduate study are to be directed to the Office
of Admissions at the University. Applicants may receive approval
for provisional study if they are entering the University for
the first time or returning to the University after an extended
absence. This basis of approval allows the student to begin
classes prior to providing all of the credentials necessary
to qualify for full admission and allows the student to register
for up to 12 hours of course work before matriculation. Minimally,
however, students must present validation that they hold the
baccalaureate degree. Students who are not seeking degrees may
request approval for additional credits through the Office of
Admissions.
Admission to Degree Candidacy
Not later than the end of the second
semester of graduate study, or the equivalent in summer sessions, each degree-seeking
student, in consultation with a faculty adviser, must apply for Degree Candidacy.
This is the earliest date at which admission to candidacy for a master's degree
will be recognized. Students are prohibited from taking more than 12 credit
hours of graduate study without either being admitted to Degree Candidacy
or petitioning the University to be allowed to continue further in non-degree
status.
Degree Expectations
All Master of Education (M.Ed.) degrees in the College
of Education include the following requirements:
- Successful completion of an approved program of study, minimally
36 semester hours, of which at least 50 percent must be earned in courses
numbered 700 or above. Students in secondary education programs are advised
to complete 9-12 hours in the subject in which they are specializing.
- Successful completion of a comprehensive examination covering the
area of study. A comprehensive final examination in the major field of study
is required for all degree candidates. The comprehensive examination should
not be given more than two calendar years prior to the date at which all
degree requirements are met. See program seminar requirement in degree requirement
listings in each program for further details.
- A minimum grade point average of 3.0 (B) is required on the total
graduate program with a minimum average of B on all 700 and above level
courses. An accumulation of grades below B on 12 hours of graduate work
attempted at the institution will disqualify a student for a graduate degree
in the College.
- Every candidate for a degree will have a faculty adviser with whom
to plan a program of study sufficiently intensive and sequential to assure
professional competence and breadth of knowledge. Advisers are assigned
by the dean of the College. Typically, the adviser will be a specialist
in the candidate's major area of study.
Though an adviser may be appointed,
the appointment of an adviser is not intended as an assurance to the student
that he or she has been officially admitted to any particular program of study.
The request for admission to a specific program is made formally at a later
date.
No academic program can be approved
until the student has been admitted to the graduate program as a degree candidate.
Students are cautioned that graduate credit earned prior to full admission
to degree candidacy may not be applicable toward the degree requirements.
The program should be established, at the latest, by the end of the first
semester of study.
Students seeking admission to a
degree program where the program represents a notable difference from their
baccalaureate level study traditionally are expected to engage in 9 to 12
additional semester hours of study in the specialized degree area beyond basic
degree requirements.
Professional Development Courses
Students may apply up to six credit hours of graduate study
with the designation PD (Professional Development) in the course
prefix to a degree program where such study is approved by the
student's adviser as being applicable to the student's academic
program. Students should consult with their academic adviser
prior to taking PD designated courses as to their applicability
to degree completion.
Clinical Experiences in Master of Education (M.Ed.) Degree Programs
While the M.Ed. degree is designed
to serve certified teachers in advancing themselves professionally, it is
felt that applied learning through guided field study is an important part
of this advancement. As with the undergraduate program of study, the graduate
program also includes a defined clinical experience sequence which reinforces
the College's Teacher as Reflective Practitioner conceptual model. Selected
courses in the graduate program include clinical experiences away from the
University campus for the purpose of reinforcing and advancing on-campus learning
experiences. These experiences offer applied learning opportunities for students
in the five theme areas of the conceptual model identified earlier in this
section of the catalog.
Master of Education (M.Ed.) Degree
in Early Childhood, Elementary and Secondary Education
The Master of Education (M.Ed.) degree programs in Early Childhood
Education, Elementary Education, and Secondary Education are
designed to offer professional growth and development for qualified
candidates who are already professionals in the education profession.
This specialized study is designed to extend the body of knowledge
that would normally have been gained during related undergraduate
study.
Admission Requirements
Applicants cannot be given continuing approval for graduate
study and entry into degree-granting status into the aforementioned
programs until the following required credentials have been
received:
- A completed application for graduate study at the University and
an official transcript from each school or college previously attended (all
prior undergraduate academic study must be represented as well as other
graduate study if such study has been completed).
- At least two letters of recommendation.
- A) report of scores on the Graduate Record Examination
(GRE),
or B) report of score on the Miller Analogies Test (MAT).
Applicants are expected to have, minimally, a score of 800
on the GRE
(no less than a score of 400 in both the verbal and quantitative
or analytical portions; candidates for secondary Math and
Science must have a minimum score of 400 on the quantitative
portion), or a minimum score of 35 on the MAT.
Scores must be no more than 5 years old.
- Submission of a written analysis of program purpose and personal
goals using The Teacher As Reflective Practitioner conceptual model as the
guide for the analysis.
- Evidence of teacher certification.
MASTER OF EDUCATION - Early Childhood
Education
(36 CREDIT HOURS)
BASIC STUDIES (21 Credit Hours)
EDUC 700 Introduction to Research in Education (3)
EDUC 706 Human Development and Learning Situations (3)
ECED 740 The Young Child: Applying Theory and Research (3)
ECED 742 Advanced Study of Early Childhood Curricula &
Program Models (3)
EDUC 749 The School and Modern Society (3)
EDUC 531 Microcomputers and Instruction (3)
ECED 797 Seminar in Early Childhood Education (3)
This course includes a comprehensive examination and must be
taken during the final twelve (12) credit hours of the degree program.
SPECIALIZED STUDIES (9 Credit Hours)
ECED 744 Advanced Study of Language Development and Communication
Skills (3)
Select two (2) courses from the following:
ECED 608 Parent Involvement in Early Childhood Education (3)
EDUC 610 Integrated Reading and Writing Instruction (3)
ECED 750 Play Theory and Early Learning (3)
ECED 794 Types of Early Childhood Centers (3)
ECED 631 Special Topics in Early Childhood Education (3)
RELATED STUDIES (6 Credit Hours)
ECED 540 The Young Child: Behavior and Development in Early
Childhood
Education (3)
ECED 541 Integrated Early Childhood Curriculum I (3)
ECED 542 Integrated Early Childhood Curriculum II (3)
ECED 544 Language Development and Communication Skills (3)
ECED 546 Education of Young Children: Ecological Approach (3)
EDUC 600 Foundations of Reading Instruction (3)
Related studies are courses outside the required program that
address the student's objectives. The student may select from
courses listed above or from courses listed in other graduate
education programs at the institution. Courses must be approved
in advance by the student's adviser.
MASTER OF EDUCATION - Elementary Education
(36 CREDIT HOURS)
BASIC STUDIES (21 Credit Hours)
EDUC 700 Introduction to Research in Education (3)
EDUC 706 Human Development and Learning Situations (3)
ELED 715 The Elementary School Curriculum (3)
ELED 717 Curriculum Problems in the Elementary School (3)
EDUC 531 Microcomputers and Instruction (3)
EDUC 749 The School and Modern Society (3)
ELED 780 Seminar in Elementary Education (3)
This course includes a comprehensive examination and must be
taken during the final (12) credit hours of the degree program.
SPECIALIZED STUDIES (9 Credit Hours)
(One Advanced Study course is required.)
ELED 608 Parent Involvement in Elementary Education (3)
EDUC 610 Integrated Reading and Writing Instruction (3)
ELED 511 Teaching Writing in Elementary and Middle School (3)
ELED 870 Advanced Study of Language Arts in the Elementary
School (3)
ELED 710 Social Studies in the Elementary School (3)
ELED 758 Advanced Study of Science in the Elementary and Middle
School (3)
EDUC 755 Teaching Environmental Education (3)
ELED 540 Teaching Problem Solving, Geometry, and Measurement
in the Elementary
School (3)
ELED 740 Advanced Study of Teaching Mathematics in the Elementary
School (3)
ELED 631 Specialized Topics in Elementary Education (3)
RELATED STUDIES (6 Credit Hours)
ELED 515 Science in the Elementary School (3)
ELED 645 Diagnostic Teaching of Arithmetic (3)
EDUC 600 Foundations of Reading Instruction (3)
Related Studies are courses outside the required program that
address the student's objectives. The student may select from
the courses listed above or from courses listed in other graduate
education programs at the institution. Courses must be approved
in advance by the student's adviser.
MASTER OF EDUCATION - Secondary Education
English
(36 CREDIT HOURS)
BASIC STUDIES (18 Credit Hours)
EDUC 700 Introduction to Research in Education (3)
EDUC 706 Human Development and Learning Situations (3)
EDUC 725 Principles of Curriculum Construction (3)
EDUC 749 The School and Modern Society (3)
EDUC 531 Microcomputers and Instruction (3)
SCED 780 Seminar in Secondary Education (3)
This course includes a comprehensive examination and must
be taken during the final twelve (12) credit hours of the
degree program.
SPECIALIZED STUDIES (9 Credit Hours)
SCED 728 Advanced Study of the Teaching of English in Secondary
Schools (3) Select two (2) courses
from the following:
SCED 786 The Teaching of Literature in the Secondary School
(3)
SCED 787 The Teaching of Composition in the Secondary School
(3)
EDUC 610 Integrated Reading and Writing Instruction (3)
SCED 711 Special Topics in English Education (3)
CONTENT STUDIES (9 credit Hours)
ENGL 710 The Renaissance (3)
ENGL 711 Shakespeare I: The Comedies and Histories (3)
ENGL 712 Shakespeare II: The Tragedies (3)
ENGL 723 English Poetry of the Romantic Period (3)
ENGL 744 American Romanticism (3)
ENGL 781 History of the English Language
MASTER OF EDUCATION - Secondary Education
Mathematics
(36 CREDIT HOURS)
BASIC STUDIES (18 Credit Hours)
EDUC 700 Introduction to Research in Education (3)
EDUC 706 Human Development and Learning Situations (3)
EDUC 725 Principles of Curriculum Construction (3)
EDUC 749 The School and Modern Society (3)
EDUC 531 Microcomputers and Instruction (3)
SCED 780 Seminar in Secondary Education (3)
This course includes a comprehensive examination and must
be taken during the final twelve (12) credit hours of the
degree program.
SPECIALIZED STUDIES (9 Credit Hours)
SCED 764 Advanced Study of the Teaching of Mathematics in
Secondary Schools (3)
Select two (2) courses from the following:
EDUC 610 Integrated Reading and Writing Instruction (3)
SCED 773 Advanced Study of the Teaching of Computer Studies
(3)
SCED 770 Computers in Mathematical Education (3)
SCED 766 Special Topics in Mathematics Education (3)
CONTENT STUDIES (9 Credit Hours)
MATH 532 Modern Geometry (3)
MATH 554 Introduction to Analysis (3)
MATH 574 Discrete Mathematics I (3)
MATH 674 Discrete Mathematics II (3)
MATH 701 Foundations of Algebra I (3)
MATH 752 Complex Variables (3)
MASTER OF EDUCATION - Secondary Education
Natural Sciences
(36-39 CREDIT HOURS)
BASIC STUDIES (18 Credit hours)
EDUC 700 Introduction to Research in Education (3)
EDUC 706 Human Development and Learning Situations (3)
EDUC 725 Principles of Curriculum Construction (3)
EDUC 749 The School and Modern Society (3)
EDUC 531 Microcomputers and Instruction (3)
SCED 780 Seminar in Secondary Education (3)
This course includes a comprehensive examination and must
be taken during the final twelve (12) credit hours of the
degree program.
SPECIALIZED STUDIES (9 Credit Hours)
SCED 732 Advanced Study of the Teaching of Science in Second-
ary Schools (3)
Select two (2) courses from the following:
EDUC 610 Integrated Reading and Writing Instruction (3)
SCED 671 Computers in Science Education (3)
EDUC 755 Teaching Environmental Education (3)
SCED 701 Specialized Topics in Science Education (3)
CONTENT STUDIES (9-12 Credit Hours)
BIOL 570 Principles of Ecology, with laboratory (4)
BIOL 775 Plants of South Carolina, with laboratory (4)
BIOL 776 Animals of South Carolina, with laboratory (4)
PHYS 782 Topics in Contemporary Physical Science for Teachers,
with laboratory (4)
PHYS 783 Modern Physics for Teachers (3)
PHYS 787 Design of Physics Laboratory and Demonstration Experiments
(4)
MSCI 666 Ecosystems Analysis, with laboratory (4)
MSCI 675 Marine Ecology, with laboratory (4)
CHEM 560 Environmental Chemistry, with laboratory (4)
CHEM 705 Modern Instrumental Methods in Chemistry, with laboratory
(4)
CHEM 709 Special Topics in Chemical Education (4)
MASTER OF EDUCATION - Secondary Education
Social Studies
(36 CREDIT HOURS)
BASIC STUDIES (18 Credit Hours)
EDUC 700 Introduction to Research in Education (3)
EDUC 706 Human Development and Learning Situations (3)
EDUC 725 Principles of Curriculum Construction (3)
EDUC 749 The School and Modern Society (3)
EDUC 531 Microcomputers and Instruction (3)
SCED 780 Seminar in Secondary Education (3)
This course includes a comprehensive examination and must
be taken during the final twelve (12) credit hours of the
degree program.
SPECIALIZED STUDIES (9 Credit Hours)
SCED 729 Advanced Study of Teaching History and Social Studies
in Secondary
Schools (3)
Select two (2) courses from the following:
EDUC 610 Integrated Reading and Writing Instruction (3)
SCED 679 Multicultural Issues in Education (3)
SCED 759 Teaching Reasoning and Inquiry Skills (3)
SCED 733 Special Topics in Social Studies Education (3)
CONTENT STUDIES (9 Credit Hours)
ECON 524 Essentials of Economics (3)
HIST 642 Issues in Modern Russian History (3)
HIST 631 Issues in Southern History (3)
HIST 755 Issues in Twentieth-Century United States History
(3)
HIST 770 Latin American History (3)
POLI 501 Contemporary Issues in International Relations (3)
POLI 503 American Political Thought (3)
PSYC 501 Cognitive Processes (3)
PSYC 582 Advanced General Psychology (3)
MASTER OF
EDUCATION – Secondary
Education Spanish
(36 CREDIT HOURS)
BASIC STUDIES (18 CREDIT HOURS)
EDUC 700 Introduction to Research in Education(3)
EDUC 706 Human Development and Learning Situations (3)
EDUC 725 Principles of Curriculum Construction (3)
EDUC 749 The School and Modern Society (3)
EDUC 531 Microcomputers and Instruction (3)
SCED 780 Seminar in Secondary Education (3)
This course includes a comprehensive examination and must
be taken during the last (12) twelve credit hours of the
degree program
SPECIALIZED STUDIES (9 CREDIT HOURS)
EDUC 610 Integrated Reading and Writing Instruction (3)
SCED 726 Advanced Study of Teaching in the Secondary School
(3)
SCED 579 Multicultural Issues in Education (3)
CONTENT STUDIES (9 Credit Hours)
Select three courses from the following:
SPAN 610 Advanced Topics in Literature and Culture (3)
SPAN 620 Seminar on Latin American Poetry (3)
SPAN 630 Seminar on Hispanic Cinema (3)
SPAN 640 Graduate Language Seminar (3)
SPAN 650 Masterpieces of Hispanic Literature and Culture
(3)
Master of Education (M.Ed.) Degree in
Educational Technology
The Master of Education (M.Ed.) degree in Educational Technology
prepares certified teachers for careers in school settings as
specialists, instructors, coordinators or classroom teachers
skilled in technology applications. As with the other M.Ed.
degrees identified, the program is designed to offer a specialized
growth and development opportunity to qualified candidates who
are already professionals in the field of education.
Admission Requirements
- A completed application for graduate study at the University and
an official transcript from each school or college previously attended (all
prior undergraduate academic study must be represented as well as other
graduate study if such study has been attempted).
- At least two letters of recommendation.
- A) report of scores achieved on the Graduate Record Examination
(GRE),
or B) report of score achieved on the Miller Analogies Test
(MAT).
Applicants are expected to have, minimally, a score of 800
on the GRE
(no less than a score of 400 on both the verbal and quantitative
or analytical portions) or a minimum score of 35 on the
MAT.
- Submission of a written analysis of program purpose and personal
goals using The Teacher as Reflective Practitioner conceptual model as the
guide for the analysis.
- Successful completion of EDUC 531, or a passing score on the Educational
Technology Entrance Examination (ETEE).
MASTER OF EDUCATION - Educational Technology
(36 CREDIT HOURS)
BASIC STUDIES (15 Credit Hours)
EDUC 604 Technology and Curricula (3)
EDET 760 Educational Technology and Leadership (3)
EDET 770 Field Experience in Educational Technology (3)
EDET 790 Technology and Society (3)
EDET 780 Seminar in Educational Technology (3)
This course includes a comprehensive examination and must be
taken during the final twelve (12) credits of the degree program.
SPECIALIZED STUDIES (12 Credit Hours)
EDET 700 Principles of Instructional Design (3)
EDET 710 Educational Technology Tools (3)
EDET 740 Product Design and Development I (3)
EDET 750 Product Design and Development II (3)
ELECTIVES (9 Credit Hours)
*EDET 730 Educational Videography (3)
*EDET 742 Distance Education (3)
*EDET 744 Graphic Design (3)
*Sample electives
Master of Arts in Teaching (M.A.T.) Degree
The Master of Arts in Teaching (M.A.T.) degree provides an alternative
avenue of entry into the teaching profession through graduate
level study. Degree programs are offered leading to certification
in grades 7-12 in English, mathematics, science and social studies
and to certification in grades PreK-12 in art, foreign languages
(French and Spanish) and music. Two M.A.T. tracks of study are
available as follows:
Track A is a program designed for the currently enrolled
undergraduate student at Coastal Carolina University who desires
to teach in one of the areas where the program is offered.
Through study in this program the student is advised to major
in the degree program or a related program at the undergraduate
level where entry into the M.A.T. will be sought, complete
10 undergraduate education hours in specified course work,
and enter into the M.A.T. degree program immediately after
graduation. It is normally expected that the M.A.T. will be
completed with one additional year of study. The candidate
for the Track A program should consult his or her adviser
in the appropriate major area for information on course work
required for the degree and the 10 credit hours of specified
education course work. Additional program-related questions
may be directed to the graduate programs administrator in
the College of Education.
Track B is designed for the student who already holds the baccalaureate
degree and is seeking certification in one of the areas where
the M.A.T. degree is offered. Track B candidates should contact
the graduate programs administrator in the College of Education
regarding admissions procedures and program requirements. Candidates
are advised that additional requirements may be added to the
program of study in support of the discipline background and/or
study in general education.
The PRAXIS
II content knowledge examination must be successfully
passed by both Track A and Track B students prior to entry
into the Internship II semester (Spring of each year) of the
M.A.T. program. Students will not be placed in the Internship
II experience until a passing score on the PRAXIS
II exam has been verified by the Office of Teacher Education
Program Information in the College of Education.
Admission Requirements
- A completed application for graduate study at the University
and an official transcript from each school or college previously
attended (all prior undergraduate academic study must be
represented as well as other graduate study if such study
has been completed).
- Submission of at least two letters of recommendation.
- Evidence of having received a baccalaureate degree from
a regionally-accredited institution with an overall minimum
graduating GPA of 2.5 and a minimum GPA of 2.5 in content
courses taken in the desired teaching field.
- Completion of one of the following: A) report of scores
achieved on the Graduate Record Examination (GRE),
B) report of score achieved on the Miller Analogies Test
(MAT),
or C) baccalaureate completion with a minimum GPA of 3.0
and a minimum 3.0 GPA in the selected content area. The
University expects successful applicants to have, minimally,
a score of 800 on the GRE
(no less than a score of 400 in both the verbal and quantitative
or analytical portions) or a minimum score of 35 on the
MAT.
Candidates in the areas of math and science must have a
minimum score of 400 on the quantitative portion. Scores
must be no more than five years old.
- Submission of a written analysis of program purpose and
personal goals using The Teacher as Reflective Practitioner
conceptual model as the guide for the analysis.
- Acceptance by the College of Education on the basis of
an evaluation of the candidate's total academic profile.
MASTER OF ARTS IN TEACHING (M.A.T.)
IN ART
(36 GRADUATE CREDIT HOURS)
Track A
The Track A M.A.T. program is designed to accommodate degree
candidates who have received a baccalaureate degree from Coastal
Carolina University in the major and who have successfully completed
the specified 10 credit hours of undergraduate coursework identified
below.
BASIC STUDIES (24 Credit Hours)
EDUC 504 Technology and Instruction (3)
EDUC 618 Teaching of Reading in the Content Area (3)
EDUC 646 Basic Principles of Curriculum Development (3)
ARTE 569 Principles and Methods of Teaching Art (3)
EDUC 560 Internship (9) (Successful completion of PRAXIS
II required.)
EDUC 580 Internship Seminar (3)
STUDY IN THE CONTENT AREA AT THE GRADUATE LEVEL (12 Credit Hours)
A minimum of 12 credit hours at the graduate level in the
specialized content area is expected. Students should consult
with their academic advisers regarding specific course requirements.
SPECIALIZED STUDY AT THE UNDERGRADUATE LEVEL (10
Credit Hours)
EDUC 225 Managing the Classroom (2) (Coreq: 225C)
EDUC 225C Clinical Experience in Managing the Classroom (1)
(Coreq: 225)
EDUC 375 Learners and the Learning Process (3) (Coreq: 375C)
EDUC 375C Clinical Experience in Learners and the Learning
Process (1) (Coreq: 375)
EDUC 415 Teaching in Diverse Classroom Settings (2) (Coreq:
EDUC 415C)
EDUC 415C Clinical Experience in Teaching in Diverse Classroom
Settings (1) (Coreq:
EDUC 415)
MASTER OF ARTS IN TEACHING (M.A.T.)
IN ART
(46 GRADUATE CREDIT HOURS)
Track B
The Track B M.A.T. program is designed
to accommodate degree candidates who have already received
a baccalaureate degree in the major or a related discipline.
Additional requirements may be added in support of the candidate's
discipline background and/or study in general education.
BASIC STUDIES (34 Credit Hours)
EDUC 504 Technology and Instruction (3)
EDUC 615* Teaching in Diverse Classroom Settings (3)
EDUC 618 Teaching of Reading in the Content Area (3)
EDUC 625* Managing the Classroom (3)
EDUC 646 Basic Principles of Curriculum Development (3)
EDUC 702* Human Development and Learning Processes (4)
ARTE 569 Principles and Methods of Teaching Art (3)
(Coreq: EDUC 615, EDUC 625 and EDUC 702)
EDUC 560 Internship (9) (Successful completion of PRAXIS
II required.)
EDUC 580 Internship Seminar (3)
*denotes courses with an accompanying clinical experience.
STUDY IN THE CONTENT AREA AT THE GRADUATE
LEVEL (12 Credit Hours)
A minimum of 12 credit hours at the graduate level in the
specialized content area is expected. Students should consult
with their academic advisers regarding specific course requirements.
MASTER OF ARTS IN TEACHING (M.A.T.) in
English
(36 GRADUATE CREDIT HOURS)
Track A
The Track A M.A.T. program is designed
to accommodate degree candidates who have received a baccalaureate
degree from Coastal Carolina University in the major and who
have successfully completed the specified 10 credit hours
of undergraduate coursework identified below.
BASIC STUDIES (24 Credit Hours)
EDUC 504 Technology and Instruction (3)
EDUC 618 Teaching of Reading in the Content Area (3)
EDUC 646 Basic Principles of Curriculum Development (3)
EDUC 547 Principles and Methods of Teaching English (3)
EDUC 561 Internship (9) (Successful completion of PRAXIS
II required.)
EDUC 580 Internship Seminar (3)
STUDY IN THE CONTENT AREA AT THE GRADUATE
LEVEL (12 Credit Hours)
A minimum of 12 credit hours at the graduate level in the
specialized content area is expected. Students should consult
with their academic advisers regarding specific course requirements.
SPECIALIZED STUDY AT THE UNDERGRADUATE LEVEL
(10 Credit Hours)
EDUC 225 Managing the Classroom (2) (Coreq: 225C)
EDUC 225C Clinical Experience in Managing the Classroom (1)
(Coreq: 225)
EDUC 375 Learners and the Learning Process (3) (Coreq: 375C)
EDUC 375C Clinical Experience in Learners and the Learning
Process (1) (Coreq: 375)
EDUC 415 Teaching in Diverse Classroom Settings (2) (Coreq:
EDUC 415C)
EDUC 415C Clinical Experience in Teaching in Diverse Classroom
Settings (1) (Coreq:
EDUC 415)
MASTER OF ARTS IN TEACHING (M.A.T.) IN
ENGLISH
(46 CREDIT HOURS)
Track B
The Track B M.A.T. program is designed to accommodate degree
candidates who have already received a baccalaureate degree
in the major or a related discipline. Additional requirements
may be added in support of the candidate's discipline background
and/or study in general education.
BASIC STUDIES (34 Credit Hours)
EDUC 504 Technology and Instruction (3)
EDUC 615* Teaching in Diverse Classroom Settings (3)
EDUC 618 Teaching of Reading in the Content Area (3)
EDUC 625* Managing the Classroom (3)
EDUC 646 Basic Principles of Curriculum Development (3)
EDUC 702* Human Development and Learning Processes (4)
EDUC 547 Principles and Methods of Teaching English (3)
(Coreq: EDUC 615, EDUC 625 and EDUC 702)
EDUC 561 Internship (9) (Successful completion of PRAXIS
II required.)
EDUC 580 Internship Seminar (3)
*denotes courses with an accompanying clinical experience.
STUDY IN THE CONTENT AREA AT THE GRADUATE LEVEL (12 Credit
Hours)
A minimum of 12 credit hours at the graduate level in the
specialized content area is expected. Students should consult
with their academic advisers regarding specific course requirements.
MASTER OF ARTS
IN TEACHING (M.A.T.) IN FOREIGN LANGUAGES - FRENCH
(36 GRADUATE CREDIT HOURS)
Track A
The Track A M.A.T. program is designed to accommodate degree
candidates who have received a baccalaureate degree from Coastal
Carolina University in the major and who have successfully
completed the specified 10 credit hours of undergraduate coursework
identified below.
BASIC STUDIES (24 Credit Hours)
EDUC 504 Technology and Instruction (3)
EDUC 618 Teaching of Reading in the Content Area (3)
EDUC 646 Basic Principles of Curriculum Development (3)
EDUC 548 Principles and Methods of Teaching in Foregin Languages
(3)
EDUC 562 Internship (9) (Successful completion of PRAXIS
II required.)
EDUC 580 Internship Seminar (3)
STUDY IN THE CONTENT AREA AT THE GRADUATE
LEVEL (12 Credit Hours)
A minimum of 12 credit hours at the graduate level in the
specialized content area is expected. Students should consult
with their academic advisers regarding specific course requirements.
SPECIALIZED STUDY AT THE UNDERGRADUATE LEVEL
(10 Credit Hours)
EDUC 225 Managing the Classroom (2) (Coreq: 225C)
EDUC 225C Clinical Experience in Managing the Classroom (1)
(Coreq: 225)
EDUC 375 Learners and the Learning Process (3) (Coreq: 375C)
EDUC 375C Clinical Experience in Learners and the Learning
Process (1) (Coreq: 375)
EDUC 415 Teaching in Diverse Classroom Settings (2) (Coreq:
EDUC 415C)
EDUC 415C Clinical Experience in Teaching in Diverse Classroom
Settings (1) (Coreq:
EDUC 415)
MASTER OF ARTS
IN TEACHING (M.A.T.) IN FOREIGN LANGUAGES - FRENCH
(46 GRADUATE CREDIT HOURS)
Track B
The Track B M.A.T. program is designed to accommodate degree
candidates who have already received a baccalaureate degree
in the major or a related discipline. Additional requirements
may be added in support of the candidate's discipline background
and/or study in general education.
BASIC STUDIES (34 Credit Hours)
EDUC 504 Technology and Instruction (3)
EDUC 615* Teaching in Diverse Classroom Settings (3)
EDUC 618 Teaching of Reading in the Content Area (3)
EDUC 625* Managing the Classroom (3)
EDUC 646 Basic Principles of Curriculum Development (3)
EDUC 702* Human Development and Learning Processes (4)
EDUC 548 Principles and Methods of Teaching in Foreign Languages
(3)
(Coreq: EDUC 615, EDUC 625 and EDUC 702)
EDUC 562 Internship (9) (Successful completion of PRAXIS
II required.)
EDUC 580 Internship Seminar (3)
*denotes courses with an accompanying clinical experience.
STUDY IN THE CONTENT AREA AT THE GRADUATE
LEVEL (12 Credit Hours)
A minimum of 12 credit hours at the graduate level in the
specialized content area is expected. Students should consult
with their academic advisers regarding specific course requirements.
MASTER OF ARTS
IN TEACHING (M.A.T.) IN FOREIGN LANGUAGES - SPANISH
(36 GRADUATE CREDIT HOURS)
Track A
The Track A M.A.T. program is designed to accommodate degree
candidates who have received a baccalaureate degree from Coastal
Carolina University in the major and who have successfully
completed the specified 10 credit hours of undergraduate coursework
identified below.
BASIC STUDIES (24 Credit Hours)
EDUC 504 Technology and Instruction (3)
EDUC 618 Teaching of Reading in the Content Area (3)
EDUC 646 Basic Principles of Curriculum Development (3)
EDUC 548 Principles and Methods of Teaching in Foreign Language
(3)
EDUC 562 Internship (9) (Successful completion of PRAXIS
II required.)
EDUC 580 Internship Seminar (3)
STUDY IN THE CONTENT AREA AT THE GRADUATE
LEVEL (12 Credit Hours)
A minimum of 12 credit hours at the graduate level in the
specialized content area is expected. Students should consult
with their academic advisers regarding specific course requirements.
SPECIALIZED STUDY AT THE UNDERGRADUATE LEVEL
(10 Credit Hours)
EDUC 225 Managing the Classroom (2) (Coreq: 225C)
EDUC 225C Clinical Experience in Managing the Classroom (1)
(Coreq: 225)
EDUC 375 Learners and the Learning Process (3) (Coreq: 375C)
EDUC 375C Clinical Experience in Learners and the Learning
Process (1) (Coreq: 375)
EDUC 415 Teaching in Diverse Classroom Settings (2) (Coreq:
EDUC 415C)
EDUC 415C Clinical Experience in Teaching in Diverse Classroom
Settings (1) (Coreq:
EDUC 415)
MASTER OF ARTS
IN TEACHING (M.A.T.) IN FOREIGN LANGUAGES - SPANISH
(46 GRADUATE CREDIT HOURS) Track B
The Track B M.A.T. program is designed to accommodate degree
candidates who have already received a baccalaureate degree
in the major or a related discipline. Additional requirements
may be added in support of the candidate's discipline background
and/or study in general education.
BASIC STUDIES (34 Credit Hours)
EDUC 504 Technology and Instruction (3)
EDUC 615* Teaching in Diverse Classroom Settings (3)
EDUC 618 Teaching of Reading in the Content Area (3)
EDUC 625* Managing the Classroom (3)
EDUC 646 Basic Principles of Curriculum Development (3)
EDUC 702* Human Development and Learning Processes (4)
EDUC 548 Principles and Methods of Teaching in Foreign Language
(3)
(Coreq: EDUC 615, EDUC 625 and EDUC 702)
EDUC 562 Internship (9) (Successful completion of PRAXIS
II required.)
EDUC 580 Internship Seminar (3)
*denotes courses with an accompanying clinical experience.
STUDY IN THE CONTENT AREA AT THE GRADUATE LEVEL (12 Credit
Hours)
A minimum of 12 credit hours at the graduate level in the
specialized content area is expected. Students should consult
with their academic advisers regarding specific course requirements.
MASTER OF ARTS IN TEACHING (M.A.T.) IN
MATHEMATICS
(36 GRADUATE CREDIT HOURS)
Track A
The Track A M.A.T. program is designed to accommodate degree
candidates who have received a baccalaureate degree from Coastal
Carolina University in the major and who have successfully
completed the specified 10 credit hours of undergraduate coursework
identified below.
BASIC STUDIES (24 Credit Hours)
EDUC 504 Technology and Instruction (3)
EDUC 618 Teaching of Reading in the Content Area (3)
EDUC 646 Basic Principles of Curriculum Development (3)
EDUC 540 Principles and Methods of Teaching Mathematics (3)
EDUC 565 Internship (9) (Successful completion of PRAXIS
II required.)
EDUC 580 Internship Seminar (3)
STUDY IN THE CONTENT AREA AT THE GRADUATE
LEVEL (12 Credit Hours)
A minimum of 12 credit hours at the graduate level in the
specialized content area is expected. Students should consult
with their academic advisers regarding specific course requirements.
SPECIALIZED STUDY AT THE UNDERGRADUATE
LEVEL (10 Credit Hours)
EDUC 225 Managing the Classroom (2) (Coreq: 225C)
EDUC 225C Clinical Experience in Managing the Classroom (1)
(Coreq: 225)
EDUC 375 Learners and the Learning Process (3) (Coreq: 375C)
EDUC 375C Clinical Experience in Learners and the Learning
Process (1) (Coreq: 375)
EDUC 415 Teaching in Diverse Classroom Settings (2) (Coreq:
EDUC 415C)
EDUC 415C Clinical Experience in Teaching in Diverse Classroom
Settings (1) (Coreq:
EDUC 415)
MASTER OF ARTS
IN TEACHING (M.A.T.) IN MATHEMATICS
(46 GRADUATE CREDIT HOURS) Track B
The Track B M.A.T. program is designed to accommodate degree
candidates who have already received a baccalaureate degree
in the major or a related discipline. Additional requirements
may be added in support of the candidate's discipline background
and/or study in general education.
BASIC STUDIES (34 Credit Hours)
EDUC 504 Technology and Instruction (3)
EDUC 615* Teaching in Diverse Classroom Settings (3)
EDUC 618 Teaching of Reading in the Content Area (3)
EDUC 625* Managing the Classroom (3)
EDUC 646 Basic Principles of Curriculum Development (3)
EDUC 702* Human Development and Learning Processes (3)
EDUC 540 Principles and Methods of Teaching Mathematics (3)
(Coreq: EDUC 615, EDUC 625, and EDUC 702)
EDUC 565 Internship (9) (Successful completion of PRAXIS
II required.)
EDUC 580 Internship Seminar (3)
*denotes courses with an accompanying clinical experience.
STUDY IN THE CONTENT AREA AT THE GRADUATE
LEVEL (12 Credit Hours)
A minimum of 12 credit hours at the graduate level in the
specialized content area is expected. Students should consult
with their academic advisers regarding specific course requirements.
MASTER OF ARTS IN TEACHING (M.A.T.) IN
MUSIC
(36 GRADUATE CREDIT HOURS)
Track A
The Track A M.A.T. program is designed to accommodate degree
candidates who have received a baccalaureate degree from Coastal
Carolina University in the major and who have successfully
completed the specified 10 credit hours of undergraduate coursework
identified below.
BASIC STUDIES (24 Credit Hours)
EDUC 504 Technology and Instruction (3)
EDUC 618 Teaching of Reading in the Content Area (3)
EDUC 646 Basic Principles of Curriculum Development (3)
MUED544 Principles and Methods of Teaching Music (3)
EDUC 558 Internship (9) (Successful completion of PRAXIS
II required.)
EDUC 580 Internship Seminar (3)
STUDY IN THE CONTENT AREA AT THE GRADUATE LEVEL (12 Credit
Hours)
A minimum of 12 credit hours at the graduate level in the
specialized content area is expected. Students should consult
with their academic advisers regarding specific course requirements.
SPECIALIZED STUDY AT THE UNDERGRADUATE LEVEL
(10 Credit Hours)
EDUC 225 Managing the Classroom (2) (Coreq: 225C)
EDUC 225C Clinical Experience in Managing the Classroom (1)
(Coreq: 225)
EDUC 375 Learners and the Learning Process (3) (Coreq: 375C)
EDUC 375C Clinical Experience in Learners and the Learning
Process (1) (Coreq: 375)
EDUC 415 Teaching in Diverse Classroom Settings (2) (Coreq:
EDUC 415C)
EDUC 415C Clinical Experience in Teaching in Diverse Classroom
Settings (1) (Coreq:
EDUC 415)
MASTER OF ARTS
IN TEACHING (M.A.T.) IN MUSIC
(46 GRADUATE CREDIT HOURS) Track B
The Track B M.A.T. program is designed to accommodate degree
candidates who have already received a baccalaureate degree
in the major or a related discipline. Additional requirements
may be added in support of the candidate's discipline background
and/or study in general education.
BASIC STUDIES (34 Credit Hours)
EDUC 504 Technology and Instruction (3)
EDUC 615* Teaching in Diverse Classroom Settings (3)
EDUC 618 Teaching of Reading in the Content Area (3)
EDUC 625* Managing the Classroom (3)
EDUC 646 Basic Principles of Curriculum Development (3)
EDUC 702* Human Development and Learning Processes (3)
MUED 544 Principles and Methods of Teaching Music (3)
(Coreq: EDUC 615, EDUC 625 and EDUC 702)
EDUC 558 Internship (9) (Successful completion of PRAXIS
II required.)
EDUC 580 Internship Seminar (3)
*denotes courses with an accompanying clinical experience.
STUDY IN THE CONTENT AREA AT THE GRADUATE
LEVEL (12 Credit Hours)
A minimum of 12 credit hours at the graduate level in the
specialized content area is expected. Students should consult
with their academic advisers regarding specific course requirements.
MASTER OF ARTS IN TEACHING (M.A.T) IN
SCIENCE
(36 GRADUATE CREDIT HOURS)
Track A
The Track A M.A.T. program is designed to accommodate degree
candidates who have received a baccalaureate degree from Coastal
Carolina University in the major and who have successfully
completed the specified 10 credit hours of undergraduate coursework
identified below.
BASIC STUDIES (24 Credit Hours)
EDUC 504 Technology and Instruction (3)
EDUC 618 Teaching of Reading in the Content Area (3)
EDUC 646 Basic Principles of Curriculum Development (3)
EDUC 553 Principles and Methods of Teaching Science (3)
EDUC 565 Internship (9) (Successful completion of PRAXIS
II required.)
EDUC 580 Internship Seminar (3)
STUDY IN THE CONTENT AREA AT THE GRADUATE
LEVEL (12 Credit Hours)
A minimum of 12 credit hours at the graduate level in the
specialized content area is expected. Students should consult
with their academic advisers regarding specific course requirements.
SPECIALIZED STUDY AT THE UNDERGRADUATE LEVEL
(10 Credit Hours)
EDUC 225 Managing the Classroom (2) (Coreq: 225C)
EDUC 225C Clinical Experience in Managing the Classroom (1)
(Coreq: 225)
EDUC 375 Learners and the Learning Process (3) (Coreq: 375C)
EDUC 375C Clinical Experience in Learners and the Learning
Process (1) (Coreq: 375)
EDUC 415 Teaching in Diverse Classroom Settings (2) (Coreq:
EDUC 415C)
EDUC 415C Clinical Experiences in Teaching in Diverse Classroom
Settings (1) (Coreq:
EDUC 415)
MASTER OF ARTS IN TEACHING (M.A.T.) IN
SCIENCE
(46 GRADUATE CREDIT HOURS) Track B
The Track B M.A.T. program is designed to accommodate degree
candidates who have already received a baccalaureate degree
in the major area or a related discipline. Additional requirements
may be added in support of the candidate's discipline background
and/or study in general education.
BASIC STUDIES (34 Credit Hours)
EDUC 504 Technology and Instruction (3)
EDUC 615* Teaching in Diverse Classroom
Settings (3)
EDUC 618 Teaching of Reading in the Content Area (3)
EDUC 625* Managing the Classroom (3)
EDUC 646 Basic Principles of Curriculum Development (3)
EDUC 702* Human Development and Learning Processes (4)
EDUC 553 Principles and Methods of Teaching Science (3)
(Coreq: EDUC 615, EDUC 625 and EDUC 702)
EDUC 565 Internship (9) (Successful completion of PRAXIS
II required.)
EDUC 580 Internship Seminar (3)
*denotes courses with an accompanying clinical experience.
STUDY IN THE CONTENT AREA AT THE GRADUATE
LEVEL (12 Credit Hours)
A minimum of 12 credit hours at the graduate level in the
specialized content area is expected. Students should consult
with their academic advisers regarding specific course requirements.
MASTER OF ARTS IN TEACHING (M.A.T.) IN
SOCIAL STUDIES
(36 GRADUATE CREDIT HOURS)
Track A
The Track A M.A.T. program is designed to accommodate degree
candidates who have received a baccalaureate degree from Coastal
Carolina University in the major and who have successfully
completed the specified 10 credit hours of undergraduate coursework
identified below.
BASIC STUDIES (24 Credit Hours)
EDUC 504 Technology and Instruction (3)
EDUC 618 Teaching of Reading in the Content Area (3)
EDUC 646 Basic Principles of Curriculum Development (3)
EDUC 549 Principles and Methods of Teaching Social Studies (3)
EDUC 563 Internship (9) (Successful completion of PRAXIS
II required.)
EDUC 580 Internship Seminar (3)
STUDY IN THE CONTENT AREA AT THE GRADUATE
LEVEL (12 Credit Hours)
A minimum of 12 credit hours at the graduate level in the
specialized content area is expected. Students should consult
with their academic advisers regarding specific course requirements.
SPECIALIZED STUDY AT THE UNDERGRADUATE LEVEL
(10 Credit Hours)
EDUC 225 Managing the Classroom (2) (Coreq: 225C)
EDUC 225C Clinical Experience in Managing the Classroom (1)
(Coreq: 225)
EDUC 375 Learners and the Learning Process (3) (Coreq: 375C)
EDUC 375C Clinical Experience in Learners and the Learning
Process (1) (Coreq: 375)
EDUC 415 Teaching in Diverse Classroom Settings (2) (Coreq:
EDUC 415C)
EDUC 415C Clinical Experience in Teaching in Diverse Classroom
Settings (1) (Coreq:
EDUC 415)
MASTER OF ARTS IN TEACHING (M.A.T.)
IN SOCIAL STUDIES
(46 GRADUATE CREDIT HOURS) Track B
The Track B M.A.T. program is designed to accommodate degree
candidates who have already received a baccalaureate degree
in the major area or a related discipline. Additional requirements
may be added in support of the candidate's discipline background
and/or study in general education.
BASIC STUDIES (34 Credit Hours)
EDUC 504 Technology and Instruction (3)
EDUC 615* Teaching in Diverse Classroom Settings (3)
EDUC 618 Teaching of Reading in the Content Area (3)
EDUC 625* Managing the Classroom (3)
EDUC 646 Basic Principles of Curriculum Development (3)
EDUC 702* Human Development and Learning Processes (4)
EDUC 549 Principles and Methods of Teaching Social Studies
(3)
(Coreq: EDUC 615, EDUC 625 and EDUC 702)
EDUC 563 Internship (9) (Successful completion of PRAXIS
II required.)
EDUC 580 Internship Seminar (3)
*denotes courses with an accompanying clinical experience.
STUDY IN THE CONTENT AREA AT THE GRADUATE
LEVEL (12 Credit Hours)
A minimum of 12 credit hours at the graduate level in the specialized
content area is expected. Students should consult with their academic
advisers regarding specific course requirements.
COLLEGE OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES
The graduate program in Coastal Marine and Wetland Studies is administered
by the College of Natural Applied Sciences.
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN
COASTAL MARINE AND WETLAND STUDIES
This program is designed to accommodate a wide breadth of studies
focusing on the coastal zone.
Applications
Applications for graduate study are to be directed to the Office of Admissions
at the University.
Admission Requirements :
Regular admission to the Master in Science in Coastal Marine and Wetland
Studies will be conditional upon satisfactorily meeting the following
six criteria
- Completion of an application
form.
-
Submission of an official transcript from each post secondary
school or college previously attended (all prior undergraduate
academic study must be represented as well as other graduate
study). The transcripts should show a minimum overall graduating
GPA of 3.0 and a minimum GPA of 3.0 in the basic courses prerequisite
to the area of proposed graduate study and in any graduate
work already completed.
- Evidence of having received a baccalaureate degree from a
regionally accredited institution in this country or its equivalent
at a foreign institution based on a four-year degree program.
- Completion of the Graduate Record Examination (GRE).
The University expects successful applicants to have a score
of no less than 400 on both the verbal and quantitative
portions. International students whose native language is
not English must also submit scores on the Test of English
as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). Scores on the GRE
(and TOEFL) must be less than five years old.
- Submission of at least two letters of recommendation.
- Submission of a written statement of educational and career
goals, how this degree will fulfill those goals and the subject
area of research interest while completing this degree.
Required Courses:
The Masters degree in Coastal Marine and Wetland Studies at Coastal
Carolina University will require 30 graduate credit hours. This
will include the successful defense of a thesis based on the student's
original research. The three core classes prepare students to deal
with the complex multidisciplinary scientific interrelations that
apply to coastal areas. All students are also required to participate
in the seminar series.
Core Curriculum (9 Credits)
CMWS 601, Coastal Marine and Wetland Processes (3)
CMWS 602, Coastal Marine and Wetland Ecology (3)
CMWS603, Coastal and Wetland Policy and Management (3)
Research Thesis
(6 Credits)
CMWS 700, Thesis Research (6)
The student must assemble a thesis committee of three faculty members,
one of which is the major professor.
Graduate Seminar
(3 Credits)
CMWS 690, Seminar Topics in Coastal Marine and Wetland Studies (2)
CMWS 699, Graduate Seminar (1)
Electives
(12 Credits)
Coastal Marine and Wetland Studies courses 500 level or above. A
maximum of 6 credits on the 500 level may be used toward completing
the degree requirements (12)
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